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之所以大的版本号变为 2，确实是向下不兼容了；主要表现为：

修复了几个反馈的 bug。
灵活的路由方式。
可拔插的 IOC 容器选择。

其中重点是后面两个。">
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之所以大的版本号变为 2，确实是向下不兼容了；主要表现为：

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灵活的路由方式。
可拔插的 IOC 容器选择。

其中重点是后面两个。">
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之所以大的版本号变为 2，确实是向下不兼容了；主要表现为：

修复了几个反馈的 bug。
灵活的路由方式。
可拔插的 IOC 容器选择。

其中重点是后面两个。">
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        <p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2019/05/08/5cd1c63f1bd4a.jpg" alt=""></p>
<h1 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="headerlink" title="前言"></a>前言</h1><p>磨了许久，借助最近的一次通宵上线 <a href="https://github.com/TogetherOS/cicada" target="_blank" rel="external">cicada</a> 终于更新了 <code>v2.0.0</code> 版本。</p>
<p>之所以大的版本号变为 2，确实是向下不兼容了；主要表现为：</p>
<ul>
<li>修复了几个反馈的 <code>bug</code>。</li>
<li>灵活的路由方式。</li>
<li>可拔插的 <code>IOC</code> 容器选择。</li>
</ul>
<p>其中重点是后面两个。</p>
<a id="more"></a>
<h1 id="新的路由方式"><a href="#新的路由方式" class="headerlink" title="新的路由方式"></a>新的路由方式</h1><p>先来看第一个：路由方式的更新。</p>
<p>在之前的版本想要写一个接口必须的实现一个 <code>WorkAction</code>；而且最麻烦的是一个实现类只能做一个接口。</p>
<p>因此也有朋友给我提过这个 <a href="https://github.com/TogetherOS/cicada/issues/12" target="_blank" rel="external">issue</a>。</p>
<p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2019/05/08/5cd1c64216f7d.jpg" alt=""></p>
<hr>
<p>于是改进后的使用方式如下：</p>
<p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2019/05/08/5cd1c647f3a27.jpg" alt=""></p>
<blockquote>
<p>是否有点似曾相识的感觉😊。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>如上图所示，不需要实现某个特定的接口；只需要使用不同的注解即可。</p>
<p>同时也支持自定义 <code>pojo</code>, <code>cicada</code> 会在调用过程中对参数进行实例化。</p>
<p>拿这个 <code>getUser</code> 接口为例，当这样请求时这些参数就会被封装进 <code>DemoReq</code> 中.</p>
<p><a href="http://127.0.0.1:5688/cicada-example/routeAction/getUser?id=1234&amp;name=zhangsan" target="_blank" rel="external">http://127.0.0.1:5688/cicada-example/routeAction/getUser?id=1234&amp;name=zhangsan</a></p>
<p>同时得到响应：</p>
<figure class="highlight json"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">&#123;<span class="attr">"message"</span>:<span class="string">"hello =zhangsan"</span>&#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>实现过程也挺简单，大家查看源码便会发现；这里贴一点比较核心的步骤。</p>
<ul>
<li>扫描所有使用 <code>@CicadaAction</code> 注解的类。</li>
<li>扫描所有使用 <code>@CicadaRoute</code> 注解的方法。</li>
<li>将他们的映射关系存入 <code>Map</code> 中。</li>
<li>请求时根据 <code>URL</code> 去 <code>Map</code> 中查找这个关系。</li>
<li>反射构建参数及方法调用。</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>扫描类以及写入映射关系</strong></p>
<p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2019/05/08/5cd1c64971c37.jpg" alt=""></p>
<hr>
<p><strong>请求时查询映射关系</strong></p>
<p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2019/05/08/5cd1c64ade749.jpg" alt=""></p>
<hr>
<p><strong>反射调用这些方法</strong></p>
<p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2019/05/08/5cd1c64d6e772.jpg" alt=""></p>
<h1 id="是否需要-IOC-容器"><a href="#是否需要-IOC-容器" class="headerlink" title="是否需要 IOC 容器"></a>是否需要 IOC 容器</h1><p>上面那几个步骤其实我都是一把梭写完的，但当我写到执行具体方法时感觉<code>有点意思</code>了。</p>
<p>大家都知道反射调用方法有两个重要的参数：</p>
<p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2019/05/08/5cd1c65023d49.jpg" alt=""></p>
<ul>
<li><code>obj</code> 方法执行的实例。</li>
<li><code>args..</code> 自然是方法的参数。</li>
</ul>
<p>我第一次写的时候是这样的：</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">method.invoke(method.getDeclaringClass().newInstance(), object);</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>然后一测试，也没问题。</p>
<p>当我写完之后 <code>review</code> 代码时发现不对：这样这里每次都会创建一个新的实例，而且反射调用 <code>newInstance()</code> 效率也不高。</p>
<p>这时我不自觉的想到了 Spring 中 IOC 容器，和这里场景也非常的类似。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>在应用初始化时将所有的接口实例化并保存到 bean 容器中，当需要使用时只需要从容器中获取即可。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>这样只是会在启动时做很多加载工作，但造福后代啊。</p>
<h1 id="可拔插的-IOC-容器"><a href="#可拔插的-IOC-容器" class="headerlink" title="可拔插的 IOC 容器"></a>可拔插的 IOC 容器</h1><p>于是我打算自己实现一个这样的 bean 容器。</p>
<p>但在实现之前又想到一个 feature:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>不如把实现 bean 容器的方案交给使用者选择，可以选择使用 bean 容器，也可以就用之前的每次都创建新的实例，就像 Spring 中的 prototype 作用域一样。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>甚至可以自定义容器实现，比如将 bean 存放到数据库、Redis 都行；当然一般人也不会这么干。</p>
<p>和 <code>SPI</code> 的机制也有点类似。</p>
<p>要实现上述的需求大致需要以下步骤：</p>
<ul>
<li>一个通用的接口，包含了注册容器、从容器中获取实例等方法。</li>
<li><code>BeanManager</code> 类，由它来管理具体使用哪种 <code>IOC</code> 容器。</li>
</ul>
<p>所以首先定义了一个接口；<code>CicadaBeanFactory</code>:</p>
<p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2019/05/08/5cd1c651de476.jpg" alt=""></p>
<p>包含了注册和获取实例的接口。</p>
<p>同时分别有两个不同的容器实现方案。</p>
<p>默认实现；<code>CicadaDefaultBean</code>：<br><img src="https://i.loli.net/2019/05/08/5cd1c65811e8e.jpg" alt=""></p>
<p>也就是文中说道的，每次都会创建实例；由于这种方式其实根本就没有 bean 容器，所以也不存在注册了。</p>
<p>接下来是真正的 IOC 容器；<code>CicadaIoc</code>：</p>
<p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2019/05/08/5cd1c65b97711.jpg" alt=""></p>
<blockquote>
<p>它将所有的实例都存放在一个 Map 中。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>当然也少不了刚才提到的 <code>CicadaBeanManager</code>，它会在应用启动的时候将所有的实例注册到 <code>bean</code> 容器中。</p>
<p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2019/05/08/5cd1c65e91a11.jpg" alt=""></p>
<p>重点是图中标红的部分：</p>
<ul>
<li>需要根据用户的选择实例化 <code>CicadaBeanFactory</code> 接口。</li>
<li>将所有的实例注册到 CicadaBeanFactory 接口中。</li>
</ul>
<p>同时也提供了一个获取实例的方法：</p>
<p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2019/05/08/5cd1c65f98cbb.jpg" alt=""></p>
<p>就是直接调用 <code>CicadaBeanFactory</code> 接口的方法。</p>
<hr>
<p>然后在上文提到的反射调用方法处就变为：</p>
<p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2019/05/08/5cd1c666b4ec4.jpg" alt=""></p>
<p>从 <code>bean</code> 容器中获取实例了；获取的过程可以是每次都创建一个新的对象，也可以是直接从容器中获取实例。这点对于这里的调用者来说<strong>并不关心</strong>。</p>
<p>所以这也实现了标题所说的：<code>可拔插</code>。</p>
<p>为了实现这个目的，我将 <code>CicadaIoc</code> 的实现单独放到一个模块中，以 jar 包的形式提供实现。</p>
<p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2019/05/08/5cd1c6680a66b.jpg" alt=""></p>
<p>所以如果你想要使用 <code>IOC</code> 容器的方式获取实例时只需要在你的应用中额外加入这个 jar 包即可。</p>
<figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>top.crossoverjie.opensource<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>cicada-ioc<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">version</span>&gt;</span>2.0.0<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">version</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>如果不使用则是默认的 <code>CicadaDefaultBean</code> 实现，也就是每次都会创建对象。</p>
<p>这样有个好处：</p>
<p>当你自己想实现一个 <code>IOC</code> 容器时；只需要实现 <code>cicada</code> 提供的 <code>CicadaBeanFactory</code> 接口，并在你的应用中只加入你的 <code>jar</code> 包即可。</p>
<p><strong>其余所有的代码都不需要改变，便可随意切换不的容器。</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p>当然我是推荐大家使用 <code>IOC</code> 容器的（其实就是单例），牺牲一点应用启动时间带来后续性能的提升是值得的。</p>
</blockquote>
<h1 id="总结"><a href="#总结" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h1><p><code>cicada</code> 的大坑填的差不多了，后续也会做一些小功能的迭代。</p>
<p>还没有关注的朋友赶紧关注一波：</p>
<p><a href="https://github.com/TogetherOS/cicada" target="_blank" rel="external">https://github.com/TogetherOS/cicada</a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>PS：虽然没有仔细分析 Spring IOC 的实现，但相信看完此篇的朋友应该对 Spring IOC 以及 SpringMVC 会有一些自己的理解。</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>你的点赞与分享是对我最大的支持</strong></p>

      
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